Pfapa syndrome is a chronic disease that is characterized by recurrent episodes of high fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis. What causal mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of. Aphthous stomatitis before considering the etiology, pathogenesis and classification of aphthous stomatitis it is essential to define the term. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is the most common chronic disease of the oral cavity, affecting 525% of the population. Oral aphthous ulcers symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The lesions are typically 3 to 5 mm, round to oval ulcers with a peripheral rim of erythema. These include conditions with oral and genital aphthae such. Mikulicz aphthae is a synonym of minor ras, named after jan mikuliczradecki. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is one of the most common oral mucosal disorders. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is a common condition of the oral mucosa that presents in patients who are otherwise healthy. The results of currently performed studies indicate that genetically mediated disturbances of the innate.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is a common clinical condition producing painful ulcerations in oral cavity. Aphthous stomatitis an overview sciencedirect topics. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis consists on recurring oral ulcers of unknown etiology. They appear as a yellowish white round to oval ulcer with an erythematous halo. Conclusion recurrent aphthous ulcers, or canker sores, are the most common recurrent oral ulcers.
One or several discrete, shallow, painful ulcers are visible on the unattached oral mucous. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis etiology, serum autoantibodies. Aphthous stomatitis or recurrent aphthous ulcers rau tend to occur singly on the nonkeratinized oral mucosa. The lesions of ras can represent the mucosal manifestation of a variety of conditions. Around 50% of the global population seems to be affected with this disease. Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis the most common. The pathogenesis of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome. Historically, many different terms have been used to refer to recurrent aphthous stomatitis or its subtypes, and some are still in use.
Moreover, there are factors associated to outbreaks but not implicated in its etiopathogenesis. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is divided into three categories that relate to the ulcers size, the number of ulcers and the healing pattern. Etiology, pathogenesis and classification of aphthous. A common perplexity jcd cause is the observation that aphthouslike oral ulcers often occur in conjunction with diverse conditions of a systemic nature. Patients with a positive family history of ras may develop oral ulcers at an earlier age and have more severe symptoms than those with no such history. This kind of study aimed to highlight the main points that the general practitioners should be taken in their consideration. At present, topical steroids and antimicrobial mouth rinses are the mainstays of treatment, but there is still no means of preventing recurrence of the. The etiology of ras is unknown, but has a strong hereditary component and appears to be related to. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras remains the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa presenting as painful round shallow ulcers with welldefined erythematous margin and yellowishgray pseudomembranous center. Pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis but remains a discrete lesion.
Epidemiology depending upon the group examined, ras may a. Lncrna casc 2 is upregulated in aphthous stomatitis and predicts the recurrence jiaping lu1, naizheng zhang2 and chen wu3 abstract background. It causes severe pain and occurs repeatedly, causing discomfort in daily routine activities. Aphthous stomatitis, also known as recurrent aphthous ulcers or canker sores, is among the most common oral mucosal lesion physicians and dentists observe. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras, also known as canker sores, is a common disease of the oral and, occasionally, genital mucosa characterized by the repeated development of one to many discrete, painful ulcers that usually heal within 7 to 14 days. Nevertheless, while the clinical characteristics of ras are welldefined, the precise etiology and pathogenesis of ras remain unclear. Review article the pathogenesis of periodic fever, aphthous. Oral ulcers may be different in number and size depending on the clinical presentation, which also determines the time needed for healing. In all cases, ulcers are yellow with a red border and are oval or round in shape. The lesions are located on the oral mucosa, but are infrequent on the gums 1,2. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis dental disorders msd manual. Aphthous stomatitis causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis. Ras is characterized by the appearance of round, shallow ulcerations surrounded by inflammation that chiefly involves the nonkeratinized mucosa.
The results of currently performed studies indicate that genetically mediated disturbances of the innate and. The primary differential diagnosis is herpes simplex. A collective term applied to any of the three varieties of recurrent oral ulcers. The pathogenesis of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis. At present, topical steroids and antimicrobial mouth rinses are the mainstays of treatment, but there is still no means of preventing recurrence of the oral ulceration. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, or ras, is a common oral disorder of uncertain etiopathogenesis for which symptomatic therapy only is available. Mouth ulcers of this type are found more in women than men.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the most common oral mucosal ulcer disease. Elevated levels of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor. Pdf recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the most common oral mucosal ulcer disease. Included among those conditions are cyclic neutropenia, selected anemias,5 inflammatory bowel. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Aphthous stomatitis is a disorder of unknown etiology that may cause significant morbidity.
Up to now, the etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. It causes severe pain and occurs repeatedly, causing. May 11, 2020 recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is a common ulcerative inflammatory condition of the oral cavity. Etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the. Among the oral ulcers, recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is the most common form of ulceration. A common perplexity jcd cause is the observation that aphthous like oral ulcers often occur in conjunction with diverse conditions of a systemic nature. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is the most common acute oral ulcerative condition in north america.
Knowledge regarding the etiology of pfapa is limited. Etiology and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis most often is a mild condi tion. The individual ulcers aphthae recur periodically and heal. Introduction recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is an inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology characterized by painful recurrent, single or multiple ulcerations of oral mucosa. Etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the role of. Serap koybasi et al 2006 role of micro organism in aphthous ulcer helicobacter pylori they are many micro organism studied in the pathogenesis of ras. Several factors have been postulated to be the cause of. The word aphthous was originated with hippocrates in 460370bc in reference to disorders of mouth terri. The treatment modalities for ras, till recently, were aimed at providing symptomatic. Local and systemic factors such as trauma, food sensitivity, nutritional deficiencies, systemic conditions, immunological disorders and genetic polymorphisms are associated with the development of the disease. The current most widely used medical term is recurrent aphthous stomatitis or simply aphthous stomatitis. Currently, the most widely accepted etiology is that ras is a localized immunological disorder. Ras is divided into a mild, common form, simple aphthosis, and a severe, less common form, complex aphthosis.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis may have a familial basis, perhaps more than 40% of ras patients having a vague family history of oral ulceration. Etiology, pathogenesis and classification of aphthous stomatitis and. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is one of the most. They are circular lesions with an erythematous border surrounding necrotic epithelial cells that are selflimiting and heal in 10 to 14 days. Apr 03, 2020 chen l, ke z, zhou z, jiang x, zhao y, zhang j.
Lncrna casc 2 is upregulated in aphthous stomatitis and. Aphthous stomatitis, also known as recurrent aphthous stomatitis or recurrent mikuliczs oral aphthae, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful recurring ulcerations of the. May 14, 2018 aphthous stomatitis, also known as recurrent aphthous ulcers or canker sores, is among the most common oral mucosal lesion physicians and dentists observe. Associations of il1, 6, and 10 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Illinois masonic medical center, chicago, illinois, u. The description of etiology is varied and none of the explanations given so far are satisfactory. Our preliminary microarray analysis revealed the altered expression of lncrna cancer susceptibility.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is a common oral disease with unknown molecular pathogenesis. It is a disease characterized by episodic appearance of oral ulcers in which etiology and pathophysiology remains unclear. Clinically, 3 forms of recurrent aphthous ulceration exist. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras, commonly referred to as canker sores, is a disease of the oral mucosa characterized by the repeated development of 1 to many, discrete, painful ulcers that typically heal within 7 to 14 days. To provide uptodate information considering etiology of pfapa syndrome, by summarizing what has been explored and established. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is an ulcerative condition that affects the oral mucosa without evidence of an underlying medical disorder. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is commonly known as mouth ulcer. To provide uptodate information considering etiology of pfapa syndrome, by summarizing what has been explored and established in this area so far. Etiology, pathogenesis and classification of aphthous stomatitis and behcets syndrome. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras remains the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa presenting as painful round shallow ulcers with welldefined erythematous margin and yellowishgray pseudomembranous center 1. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis namrata m, abilasha r int j. The maximum size is usually attained 4 to 6 days after the onset.
Hence, it is important for dental clinicians to know about the clinical features, causes, diagnostic techniques, and the treatment and management of ras. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is a wellknown oral disease with unclear etiopathogenesis for which symptomatic therapy is only available. The underlying etiology remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available. J oral pathol med recurrent aphthous stomatitis chavan et al. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases seen by dental professionals, and yet its etiology remains unclear, and its management based on. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is distinguished from aphthouslike ulceration by exclusion of underlying systemic conditions e. Etiological factors of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The diagnosis of ras is based on welldefined clinical characteristics but the precise etiology and pathogenesis of ras remain unclear. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is a recurrent painful ulcerative disorder that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The cause is not completely understood, but it is thought that the condition represents a t cell mediated immune response which is triggered by a variety of factors. Classification, epidemiology and aetiology of oral recurrent aphthous ulceration stomatitis, annal dent univ malaya 1999. Datau recurrent aphthous stomatitis caused by food allergy vol 42 number 4 october 2010 zain r. Several factors have been postulated to be the cause of this condition.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras, also known as canker sores, is the most common disease of the oral mucosa. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is distinguished from aphthous like ulceration by exclusion of underlying systemic conditions e. The etiology of ras is unknown, but has a strong hereditary component and appears to be related to an. Ras has a characteristic prodromal burning sensation that lasts from 2 to 48 hours before an ulcer appears. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is one of the most common oral mucosal. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras is characterized by the appearance of initially necrotic ulcers, with well defined limits surrounded by an erythematous halo. It is characterized by multiple, erythematous, recurrent, small, round or ovoid ulcers with circumscribed margins, typically presenting first in childhood or adolescence. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ras, also known as canker sores, is the. Patients with a positive family history of ras may develop oral ulcers at an earlier age and have more severe symptoms.
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